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Investing buck boost converter tutorial
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Buck-Boost Converter is alike a flyback converter, but difference is that it uses inductor and flyback converter uses transformer. There are two different topologies of buck-boost converter. Inverting topology and non-inverting topology. In detail both are explained below; The inverting topology Like buck converter and boost converter the inverting buck-boost converter is like a switched-mode power supply and its circuit topology is same like buck converter and boost converter.
The polarity of the output voltage is opposite as compare to the applied input voltage. For simple or basic inverting buck-boost converter we can see or get a negative output voltage with respect to the ground. The duty cycle of the switching transistor or MOSFET, the output voltage of buck-boost converter is adjustable or changeable. The driving circuitry becomes complicate, when we see that the switching component does not have a terminal at ground.
Which can be a disadvantage. But, this disadvantage is of no importance. If the power supply is isolated from the load circuit because at this condition the power supply and polarity of diode can be upturned or reversed. At the reversed condition, the switch can be on either the supply side or at the ground side.
Working of inverting topology An Inverting buck-boost converter is shown in below figure. It is the schematic of a basic inverting buck-boost converter which is working in continuous conduction mode CCM. Inverting Buck-Boost Converter We can see an output capacitor, in the power stage a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor MOSFET is present, a diode, and an inductor is present.
Anode of the diode is connected to the load. Anode of the diode is also connected to negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor. This results in storing energy in the inductor L1. While M1 is ON, the output capacitor C1 supplies the entire load current.
When the M1 is OFF, the diode D1 is forward-biased and the inductor current ramps down at a rate proportional to output voltage Vout. The non-inverting topology Below figure shows a non-inverting buck-boost converter.
Here we can see a buck step-down converter is joint with a boost step-up converter. Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter The output polarity of this type of converter is same like the polarity of the applied input.
But the output level may vary i. We can see in the figure that there is only one inductor is used even there is buck mode and boost mode is combined. This single inductor controlled by switches instead of diodes.
At a time only one switch is in ON condition. If it uses many inductors with only one switch same like seen in Cuk or SEPIC topologies, then it is called as "four-switch buck-boost converter". All these above mentioned buck boost topologies generate positive output but these topologies have extra power components and less efficiency as compared to a basic inverting buck-boost converter. Working of non-inverting topology We can see in figure of non-inverting buck-boost conductor; two high frequency switching MOSFETS are used along with the two diodes and these diodes have a low forward junction voltage when it conducts.
Operation of buck converter We can understand the operation of buck-boost inductor on the basis of inductor's "reluctance", which allows quick change in current current across inductor. So, the output of an open loop buck-boost converter is not regulated. Closed loop Buck-Boost Converter — In closed loop buck-boost converter, there is a feedback from the output to the input.
So, the output of a closed loop buck-boost converter is regulated. There are certain design parameters involved in the designing of the buck-boost converter. It is important to understand these design parameters. Any buck-boost converter can operate in either of the two possible modes of operation. So a regulated voltage at the output is obtained but the output is regulated only if the current is drawn within the limits of CCM. Discontinuous Conduction Mode DCM - In this mode, the current in the inductor is pulsating and it becomes zero for a part of switching time.
So a regulated voltage is not received in DCM. But, the voltage can be regulated by connecting a feedback circuit from output to input. In this tutorial, a non-isolated buck-boost converter is designed which means the input and output share the same ground and the polarity of the output voltage is opposite to the input. The converter will have a fixed output voltage in Buck Mode and Boost Mode separately.
Once the circuit is designed and assembled, the value of the output voltage and current will be observed using a multimeter. These values will indicate the efficiency of the buck-boost converter designed in the project. Components Required — Fig. The buck-boost converter has the following circuit blocks — 1. DC source — A 12V Battery is used as the input power source in the circuit.
Oscillator and Switching Mechanism — For switching purpose a transistor and a diode are used as switching components. The switching components has to operate on a specific frequency. This frequency is generated through an oscillator circuit. Any other Arduino Board like Arduino Mega can also be used. In fact any microcontroller or microcontroller board which can output PWM can be used in the circuit.