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This technique has been used in several past coin mining campaigns, such as that perpetrated by the Rocke group Unit 42 found in Figure 2. Specifically, the malware replaces the original ps tool with a crafted one. The crafted tool calls the real ps Figure 3 but filters off the mining processes xmrig and emech and sensitive keywords in the ps results such as proc, netstats, and tops Figure 4. These keywords are usually assumed to be indicators of existing coin miners.
By removing these keywords, the mining exploit hides itself from antivirus monitoring and avoids being killed by other competing coin miners Outlaw , for example , which usually scan the running processes to discover if any other miners are present. Figure 3. Installing rootkit Figure 4. Process hiding Connecting to the Botnet Once the infected device has downloaded all the files in the rootkit Figure 5 and has started running the malicious scripts, it will connect to an IRC server by sending an assigned nickname that starts with dark followed by a random integer number between 0 and Figure 6.
Figure 5. Installation of the rootkit Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. However, we were able to connect manually to the IRC server and explore the channels available. We discovered that, fortunately, the Miners channel had just a few recruiters or zombies Figures 10 and Figure 9.
Channels found manually Figure Figure Available attacks Figure We visited the website and found a message announcing that something was coming, which probably was the botnet they were preparing Figure Visiting eleethub[. The most notable ones are in the main rootkit directory, in the setup file Figure 14 , and in the information from the botnet operators undead[ ]los[. But if it's making the life of a developer easier, wouldn't it also make things easier for a malicious attacker?
That's exactly what we explored. Our doughty researchers needed a way to completely automate this process. The session explained in detail exactly how they managed to create unlimited email accounts with realistic usernames and a wide variety of different domains. The next step was to set up automatic response for those accounts, so that they could respond to any "Click this link to confirm" email. It worked! At this point, they had a system to create unlimited unique emails with no human interaction.
And they stored all the details using a free trial of cloud-based MongoDB. Yes, attendees will be able to get all the code that was used in this experiment. Fun Activities! They experimented with just what's possible when you have email addresses for an unlimited number of "friends. Some cap the total amount you can gain this way, others don't.
But we've heard of people making a lot of money in a short time. We did leave a couple accounts running for several weeks, just to see if they'd be detected. They weren't" Anti-Automation During the course of the experiment, a number of services revised their verification systems to defeat automatic creation of accounts. One even stated the reason was a proliferation of botnets.
We estimate the Eleethub botnet can also grow to make thousands of dollars if it expands in a period of one to two years. Shell Script Dropper A compromised device will download a malicious shell script containing commands to download pieces of the botnet and create directories to copy the downloaded files into.
Next, the device executes the downloaded files procps. Additionally, it downloads and implements a library called libprocesshider. Figure 1. Downloaded files Hiding Processes with a Rootkit This botnet takes the concealment of mining tasks to the next level. This technique has been used in several past coin mining campaigns, such as that perpetrated by the Rocke group Unit 42 found in Figure 2. Specifically, the malware replaces the original ps tool with a crafted one. The crafted tool calls the real ps Figure 3 but filters off the mining processes xmrig and emech and sensitive keywords in the ps results such as proc, netstats, and tops Figure 4.
These keywords are usually assumed to be indicators of existing coin miners. By removing these keywords, the mining exploit hides itself from antivirus monitoring and avoids being killed by other competing coin miners Outlaw , for example , which usually scan the running processes to discover if any other miners are present. Figure 3. Installing rootkit Figure 4. Process hiding Connecting to the Botnet Once the infected device has downloaded all the files in the rootkit Figure 5 and has started running the malicious scripts, it will connect to an IRC server by sending an assigned nickname that starts with dark followed by a random integer number between 0 and Figure 6.
Figure 5. Installation of the rootkit Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. However, we were able to connect manually to the IRC server and explore the channels available. We discovered that, fortunately, the Miners channel had just a few recruiters or zombies Figures 10 and Figure 9. It is generally capable of replicating itself to other connected devices on the network. The following month, more than half a million computing devices were hijacked by a botnet called Smominru.
The botnet forced the machines to mine millions of dollars worth of cryptocurrency. Another crypto-jacking botnet named Sysrv-hello began making its rounds in December Sysrv-hello targeted enterprise web applications and deployed on both Windows and Linux systems. Like other botnets, it continuously evolved to stay ahead of security researchers and law enforcement.
Extremely aggressive, Sysrv contained a component that hunted for and shut down other crypto-mining botnets. Some botnets have been hidden in DRM bypassed—also called "cracked"—versions of video games and other software, so it's essential to ensure you use non-pirated, unaltered, purchased, or open-source software and games.
Monero XMR is also preferred by these crypto-jackers. Cryptocurrency mining is becoming more complicated and resource-intensive because the computational difficulty increases over time. Cyber security experts are also developing ways to combat these programs.
Botnet developers are working to ensure that their programs can overcome these obstacles, so their creations are becoming stronger. Given the significant profits that can be gained by using botnets, their use is expected to grow and become more difficult to detect and remove. Because the cryptocurrency infrastructure is still evolving, threats like this loom large over the networks, their users, and unsuspecting device owners. While it is difficult to contain the menace at the individual user level, you can reduce the chances that your device is hijacked by using up-to-date anti-virus and malware programs and monitoring your system's active processes.
What Is a Botnet? A botnet derived from "robot network" is a large group of internet-connected devices that are infected with malware and controlled by a single operator.