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Similarities between archaea and bacteria are placed
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The most common basis of classification is Gram Staining. Other methods of bacterial classification are also present, e. Similarities between Bacteria and Archaea Bacteria and Archaea, although they belong to two different domains but have some very similar characteristics.
Some of them are listed as follows: Both of them do not have any membrane-bound organelles. Both contain gas vesicles; gas vesicles are vacuole-like structures that provide buoyancy to the cell. Both contain ribosomes; the size of ribosomes of bacteria and archaea are the same, i.
Differences between Bacteria and Archaea Property Bacteria Definition Archaea are the primitive and basic organisms that existed as the earliest forms of life on Earth. They have distinct features, so they have to be classified from other forms of organisms. Habitat Archaea are extremophiles; they can tolerate high salt concentrations and high temperatures. Bacteria have lesser tolerance to high temperature and salt concentration. Bacteria can not grow in an environment with low pH. Classification Archaea can be divided into further classes based on their characteristics.
Some examples include methanogens, thermophiles, mesophiles, etc. Bacteria can be divided based on their characteristics and molecular data analysis. Bacteria can be Gram-positive or negative, Sporulating or non-sporulating. They can also be divided based on fermenting abilities, such as lactose fermenters and non-fermenters. Sporulation Archaea cannot form spores.
They can naturally overcome the conditions that spores are made for. Some bacteria can form spores. Spores help bacteria survive in hostile environments such as high temperature and acidic and basic pH. Layers in the cell membrane Archaea cell membranes may exist as bilayers or monolayers.
Bacterial cell membranes exist as bilayers of lipids. Cell Wall Archaea have various cell walls; unlike bacteria, they lack muramic acid in their cell walls. Bacteria have cell walls made up mainly of peptidoglycan; they contain muramic acid in their cell walls. D-amino acids Archaea lack D-amino acids in their cell walls Bacterial cell walls contain D-amino acids in their cell walls. Methanogenesis Archaea can generate methane as the final product of respiration, so they are considered methanogens.
Bacteria can not perform methanogenesis, i. Photosynthesis Chlorophyll-based photosynthesis is not present in Araceae. They can not produce energy from sunlight. Some bacteria are photosynthetic; they can convert sunlight to chemical energy that can be utilized during respiration. Nature of Membrane Lipids The membrane lipids present in archaea are complex and branched; they are isoprene derived fatty-acids.
Bacteria contain straight-chain fatty acids in their membranes. Lipid linkages in membranes The fatty acids of the Archaeal cell membrane are bound to glycerol by ether linkages. The fatty acids present in the cell membrane of bacteria are bound to glycerol by ester linkages. They are both prokaryotes, as they are unicellular and lack a nucleus. They also look similar even under a microscope. Then What is the difference between these two microorganisms? Difference Between Archaea And Bacteria Bacteria contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall; archaea do not.
The cell membrane in bacteria is a lipid bilayer; in archaea, it can be a lipid bilayer or a monolayer. Bacteria contain fatty acids on the cell membrane, whereas archaea contain phytanyl. Like Eubacteria True Bacteria , Archaea contain a cell wall composed of various polysaccharides and glycoconjugates.
However, the Bacterial Cell wall Is mainly made up of Peptidoglycan. Which consists of N-acetyl muramic acid and D-amino Acids. While the Archaeal Cell walls lack peptidoglycan and have membranes that enclose lipids with hydrocarbons rather than fatty acids not a bilayer.
These Lipids In the Membranes of Archaea are unique and contain ether linkages between the glycerol backbones rather than ester linkages which are present in the bacterial cell walls. Archaea resembles eukaryotes more than bacteria. Their ribosomes work more like eukaryotic ribosomes than bacterial ribosomes. Archaea have three RNA polymerases like eukaryotes, but bacteria have only one. RNA polymerase in archaea is complex with more than eight polypeptides While Bacterial RNA polymerase is simple, with four polypeptides.
These two microorganisms also differ in genetic and biochemical ways. Archaea have been recognized as a distinct domain of life, Only within the last couple of decades. They have similar ecological roles as bacteria.